新托福考试的六大窍门

                                                          新托福考试的六大窍门

 
 

         由于新托福考试是依托电脑网络来实施的，所以考生在选择模拟题时最好也是做网络版的，与机考界面相同或接近的试题，因为通过做机考模拟题对考生熟悉界面、键盘、掌握时间、从纸笔考试转换都是有帮助的。

       在机考界面的环境下做两三套模拟题对考生适应考试节奏和环境都是有好处的。模考题与真正新托福网考一样，考生可以根据自己需要选择，在考前这段时间里，考生要做2至5套这种完全电脑机考化的模拟题就可以了，根据问题再做进一步复习准备。 

　　窍门一：朗文综合教程中有一张光盘，里面有两套模考题是与新托福机考界面是基本一样的，考生可以找来做一做。此外，在ETS(美国教育考试服务中心)官方网站上的收费考题完全和正式考题模式一模一样，时间、状态、临场感觉是完全相同的。在交几十美元后，考生在做完这套模考题之后5天里，会由ETS新托福评卷人员反馈给考生一个报告单，指出考生目前的问题所在。Koolearn.com这个网站上也引进了两套模考题，价钱比ETS官网上要便宜不少，每套人民币60元。

　　考生听力实力一定要强，这样得高分绝对不难。新托福考试更注重交流，把听说读写融合在一起考查考生的英语综合能力。在听说读写这四部分考试内容里，有三部分实际上都在考听力。首先，听力部分难度加大，过去的小对话全部改成长对话和长段子，所以要求考生听力水平要特别强。第二，口语中有6道题，1、2题就问考生一些简单话题，例如"描述一下你所居住的城市是什么样子的"。口语后面4道题全是和听力有关的，根据听到的问题进行回答，可见听力的比重占得特别大。第三，写作中有一部分叫"综合写作"，先读一篇，再听一篇，然后根据读到和听到的内容进行总结写作，真正把阅读、听力、写作结合在一起考查，使得考试变得更加科学了。在最后复习过程中，如果考生听力弱，一定要以模考题为导向，熟悉环境，加强听力训练，在短期内也会有一定的提高。

　　窍门二：考试经常会考一些校园场景对话以及各个学科的学术性段子。由ETS出版的《新托福考试官方指南》里已经把听力考试内容和题型都解释得很清楚了，考生也可以把书中的题读透。

　　托福考试要求考生词汇量要大，这完全是为了阅读服务。因为阅读中有近1／3的题目都是考的词汇题，每篇文章都会有4道题考查词汇同义词、近义词，比重相当大，考生如果词汇量大，比较吃香。

　　窍门三：词汇的重要性毋庸置疑了，而海量的词汇要表现出来，打字又是个关键。要练好打字，又快又准确，拼写一定不能马虎。

　　因为新托福考试是在电脑界面上进行，无法在考题上画重点、记笔记，所以考生一定要养成记笔记的习惯和快速记笔记的能力。听力考试放录音只是短短的几分钟，而且在这一过程中考生是见不到题的，考生可能能够听懂，但是题里面有很多重要的细节一定要记下来，这样在答题的时候才有把握。所以听力要"玩命"记笔记，要学会用简单符号记要点。听力的6篇阅读中有4篇是讲座，都是五六分钟一篇，篇幅很长，你认为自己能记住的东西，实际上到最后都忘了。所以不管有用没用，要边听边记。口语部分的后4题也全靠记笔记，因为这几题都是问你听到了什么，然后转述出来，这样如果笔记记得好，考生就可以看着自己的笔记回答，十有八九错不了。笔记在写作中同样适用，把听到的要点记录下来，对应点都找出来，写作也就不成问题了。

　　窍门四：考生练习一周到10天就能很快形成自己一套记笔记的方法，有很多捷径可走。比如：上箭头表示发展迅速，下箭头表示业绩下滑，还有很多简写，考生可以根据自己的习惯发明一些符号。

5 提前练习抗干扰答题

　　考生在这段时间里要练习在有干扰的环境下回答口语问题。因为同一个考场的考生答题速度不一样，所以有时候很多人还在做阅读的时候，有人就开始做听力了，这样的干扰在所难免。现在就开始练习在嘈杂的环境下开口回答问题，一定要很清晰地把回答说出来。口语前两题录音45秒，后面的题录60秒，所以考生也要练习在一分钟之内说透对一个问题的看法和态度的能力，锻炼短时间组织语言逻辑的能力。

    窍门五：考生在回答的时候一定要看着屏幕上的计时器，如果时间快到了，就要马上结尾有开头、结尾和中间的几点，这样考官就会觉得你很不错，短时间内说话很有逻辑很完整，分数肯定不低。

6 事先算好最后"期限"

    由于新托福是机考，考生在考试时间分上便缺少了很多自主性。因此规划好考试时间很重要，要学会在时限压力下做题。比如做一篇阅读必须在20分钟之内完成，做口语题目规定在45秒内完成就一定不超时，写作也是一样，在30分钟内一定要写完。通过做几套电脑模考题，考生如果完全按照时间来做的话，是可以适应的。

    窍门六：比如口试录音的那短短45秒，如果错过了，你再说什么，考官也听不到。因此在练习做模拟题时，就要给自己定出一个最后"期限"，口试还有多少秒就一定要张嘴了，写作还有多少分钟就一定要动手了。

托福词汇解决方案

托福词汇解决方案

 

一、如何进行？

 

－四遍融汇法

 

1.1 快速第一遍：对每一个单词，读音＋理解含义用法＋标识难易程度;每天100-150个单词（托福关键词汇为2000－5000），但是事实上每天只能记住其中的30-70个单词,记不住不要紧关键要按100－150速度往下背不停顿;所以务必第二天背新词之前先复习前一天背过的词汇，到第7天 时把几天来背的完整复习一次.

 

1.2 强化标记内容第二遍：再从头过一遍，但是对第一遍记忆效果不佳的和第一遍总结的重要单词进行重点背识，仍然是读音＋理解＋标识。

 

1.3 查漏补缺第三遍：过三遍时，在过每一个词之前不看解释尝试回想它的基本义并能准确读出来，把不确定的单词标识出来专门加以记忆。

 

1.4 融汇贯通第四遍：词汇背记<>大量 阅读之间的相互转化。因为我们明白：背单词是英语的基本功，但是阅读却是扩大和应用英语词汇的最终之路。通过阅读最终记牢和用会这个单词。对于托福来说，进行第四遍的同时要大量阅读，历年的真题阅读从90年到98年（留下2-3年的题进行实战模考），在阅读过程中参照正在背记的词汇书。也可以大量做托福词汇题来达到融汇贯通。

 

二、几点记忆规则

 

2.1 对于100-150个词汇，每天分成2-3段时间来记忆，多次少量比一次多量要效果好。

 

2.2 每次记忆新词之前，务必先浏览前一天已背词汇。

 

2.3 识记新词的第一步，就是把它大声地读出来。QUICKSOUND标准美音速查软件将帮助大家

随时跟读标准发音.

 

2.4 识记新词务必理解其含义和用法，认真读例句，仍不明白查字典。

 

三、托福词汇分类

 

3.1 阅读词汇：目前大部分托福词汇书是针对阅读来选词的，这部分词汇2000－5000，当然背的越多越好，但是不要人为地为难自己，因为根据上下文猜测单词是学习外语的基本功，也是托福考试考查你学习能力的重点方面之一。所以不要为了背词而背词，而是在阅读中记词用词，记住托福进阶网倡导－英语是读出来的，为什么我们不提是记住出来的，因为一味背单词就认为是学英语的全部弊端很多。

 

3.2 听力词汇：托福听力考查你的日常英语交流能力，所以所谓托福听力词汇就是北美学生日常生活英语。把这部分词汇收集整理记忆是必要的。现在托福进阶网收录有：PETERSON'S, BARRON，台湾等听力习语总结。

 

3.3 作文词汇：本来作文没什么专门的词汇，但是很多考生基本功不扎实－拼写错误多，提笔就忘词，所以特请大家注意对常用词汇的正确拼写和常用用法的掌握。

 

3.4 语法词汇：托福语法特点之一就是语法考点不难，但是在题目中出现了不少生词来迷惑考生。这部分词汇有时间的话可以收集记忆，但不是重点。

 

"TOEFL 进阶"助你一臂之力

 

我们相信：

托福＝英语基础

我们倡导：

英语是听出来的－克服怕和初听难受的感觉，听写10盘左右的听力带是托福听力高分的秘诀;

英语是写出来的－认真琢磨范文，勤于写作，每周至少一篇习作;

英语是读出来的－背单词是英语的基本功，但是阅读却是扩大和应用英语词汇的最终之路;

英语是说出来的－跟读托福听力材料，校正发音，尽量与人进行交流，为将来的留学生活打一个好的底子。

 

我们提醒：

在扎实英语基本功上进行针对性训练是必要的;但是一味强调强化训练和应试技巧是本未倒置。无数同学的亲身事实说明：如果你基础不太好，而且不进行系统的英语学习，上几个新东方的托福班都不管用。注意：新东方名气的宣传只是赚钱赢利的噱头，请根据自己的情况采取合适的学习途径，不要盲从。

 

 

四、目前市场上和网络中流行的托福词汇资料

 

4.1 中国内地市场流行托福词汇书

（按出版时间排列）（这些词汇书主要以以已考托福阅读为收词依据）

－－台湾刘毅：托福单字进阶，托福词汇入门，5000基础词汇学习

－－胡敏：托福阅读词汇，其中含词汇精选

－－上海业余前进学校范家才的托福词汇复习（其配套的托福分类阅读一书也很好）

－－王玉梅托福词汇

－－张红岩托福词汇精选

－－清华吴永麟的托福词汇

－－其它90年代出版的托福词汇（中高级词汇）书也可以作为复习托福一用;港台新加坡也各有流行的托福词汇复习书恕不能述。你不能指望上述任何一本给你最权威最全面的托福词汇备考，因为托福本身没有给出任何词汇考试大纲，它只是说考查英语国家最常用的日常和阅读词汇，就是说你能看懂科普和一般的社会人文短文。以上这些词汇书主要以以已考托福阅读为收词依据的，并且没有更多的涉及听力词汇。不依赖和不盲目对待这些词汇书，但是从中选一本认真用"四遍融汇法"记忆却是托福应试的必过关口之一。

 

4.2 网络流行的词汇复习资料（来源寄托家园，托福进阶网，太傻）

－－依据2000年前已考阅读的"托福词汇词频1810个"及UWONCACN在其基础整理的"词频单词考试频率>2词汇列表学习版（420组1000左右单词）"

－－中高级（托福）词汇精解：每一词都含有同义词、词根记忆、词形变化、例句;4000托福单词:WAYABROAD整理的词汇电子书.

－－北美流行的四本托福词汇书笔记："Success with Words for the TOEFL" "ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL" "ARCO经典TOEFL单词"（原由UWONCACN摘自ARCO托福复习资料，现又有网友为其加了了M_W词典英语解释）"5000 SAT Preparation Words "(SAT是美国高中入大学考试其词汇可以作为托福和GRE的参考)

－－同义词汇整理（不仅包括托福也包括其它中初级词汇），愿达学校的托福千条必备习语，网友整理的托福阅读词汇精选（不全，但这是复习的正确做法：自己总结托福词汇比只背别人的要强！）

－－托福考试(听力 语法 阅读)惯用语总结 800条 Peterson Success Words Barron's

TOEFL STRATEGIES: Idioms in Listening

 

五 目前托福进阶网推荐以下托福词汇解决材料:刘氏托福词汇完全突破

 

刘氏托福词汇完全突破材料分为6部分:

5.1 词汇记忆心理基础论和方法论

5.2 BUILDING WORDS的长期途径:词根,词缀总结

5.3 精选托福词汇:简明中文英语双解释,同义和反义词

5.4 易混单词:对比记忆托福易混词汇

5.5 托福听力词汇总结: 单词和词组

5.6 精选词汇练习题:通过练习掌握已背词汇

欢迎下载!但请不要用于商业用途仅供个人学习参考!

 

六、几点小结

 

6.1 词根词缀法是BUILDING WORDS的长期途径,请在背词中有意利用词根词缀来记忆;

 

6.2 通过上下文猜测词汇是学习任何语言的基本功之一,面对托福你不可掌握全部词汇,有些考过G的同学经常在托福阅读中词汇题中出错就是没有通过上下文来理解这个单字,有关方法可以参见"CRACKING TOEFL READING CBT"中总结的技巧.

 

6.3 不要迷信任何一本托福词汇书,它不可能给你最佳效果;不要一味背单词,一味背单词式的复习是一种低效劳动，强烈建议背了一定单词后在阅读中去消化和强化单词记忆

 

6.4 在考前3-4月利用一个月时间用"四遍融汇法"系统学习一本词汇书是必下的功夫,不要想投机和捷径,网上和市场上任何标以速成的词汇书只是一个简明的总结,你可以用来参考,但绝不能以此来代替2000-3000托福词汇的系统学习!

 

6.5 推荐两本系统的英语阅读及词汇学习教程,一是 新概念英语第四册, 二是 提高英语阅读技巧高级本.它们都含有课文精读,词汇学习,语法练习,及中文解释,很适合真正提高英语水平之用!

Score-easy TOEFL系列-听力122重要习语

Score-easy TOEFL系列-听力122重要习语

above all - most importantly
account for - explain
as a matter of fact - in fact ,to speak the truth
as a rule - generally ;normally
about to - be ready to;be on the point of doing something
an old hand - be an experienced persom
any day now -soon
approach sb -talk to sb
be fed up with - be out of patience with
be on one's own - live independently

be on the safe side - take no chances
be out of something - have no longer in supply
be tired of - be bored with ,frustrated with
be up to ones'ears - be extremely busy
be up to someone -be a person's responsibility
be out for -trying to get
be out of the question - be unacceptable ,impossible
bite off more than one can chew - take on more than one can handle
break down - cease to function
break the ice - begin to be friendly wuth people one doesn't know

break the news - inform or give bad news
brush up on - imporve noe's knowledge of something through study
bump into - meet unexpectedly
by and large - in general
by heart - by memory
by all means - absolutely ,definitely
by no means - in no way
call off -cancel
cheer up - be happy
come down with - become sick with

come into -receive,especially after another's death
come up with - think of
count on - depend upon
count out - eliminate
die down - become quiet ,become less
do without - manage without something
drop by - visit informally; pay a short visit
every other - alternate
fall behind - lag; fail to accomplish something on time
fall through - fail to happen or be completed

far cry form - completely different from;a long way
feel like - have a desire or wish for
feel up to - feel well enough to or be capabele of
few and far between - not happening often; rate
figure out - determine; reason out by thinking
fill in for -take another's place
fill sb.in - tell what sb. should know
fish out of water - out of one's element or natural environment
flying colors -success,victory
for good - permanently; forever

for the time being - for now; temporarily
get away with - escape without punishment
get rid of - give something away; sell, destroy, or throw away something
get the ball rolling - start something; make a beginning
get the hang of - understand; learn
give a hand - help
go without saying - understood; clear without needing to be stated
go off -begin to ring
hang on - keep hold of; persevere;keep doing something
hard to come by - difficult to obtain

have a heart - have kind feelings; be understanding
have a hunch - have an idea based on feelings rather than reason
hold off - delay;postpone
hop to it - get started on something quickly
hit it off - get along well with someone
ill at ease - uncomfortable
in hot water - in trouble
in the air -uncertain
in the dark - keep someone without knowdge; information from somenoe
in the lone run - looking toward the future; eventually

ins and outs - all the details; the various parts and difficulties to be seen
iron out - remove the difficulties or find an answer for
jump to conclusions - arrive too quickly at a decision or opinion
keep an eye on - watch closely
keep one'sfingers crossed - wish that nothing goes wrong
keep on one's toes - be ready for action; prepared
knock oneself out - make a great effort
learn the ropes - learn the rules and routines of a place or activity
little by little -gradually
make ends meet - to get just enough money for noe's needs

make out - manage;get along
mean to - intentional; on purpose
might as well - to have no strong reson not to
next to nothing - almost nothing; very inexpensive
not to mention - in addition
off balance - unaware; off guard
on the go - working or doing something all the time
on pins and needles - nervous; anxious; full of anticipation
on purpose - deliberately; intentionally
on the blink - not working properly;broken

on the right track - thinking or doing something correctly
on the tip of noe's tongue - to be about to remember somthing
once in a blue moon - rarely; almost never
out of it - not involved in
pick up the tab - pay the bill or the cost of something
piece of cake - easy
play by ear - act spontaneously; without planning
pill it off - accomplish
pull one's leg - make fun of somenoe in a playgul way; make somenoe believe something that is not ture
quite a few - many

raise the roof -angry
right away - immediately
run for office - compete for an elected position
save one's breath - to keep silent because talking would not achieve anyting
say that again - a saying that means; I agree completely
stone's throw - short distance
search me - an answer that means; I don't know
serves one right - is deserving of
sleep on it - think about something for a while
straighten up - clean up; make tidy

take a break - rest for a while; stop one's work or activity
think nothing of it - that's all right
throw cold water on - discourage; lessen enthusiasm for
to say the least - at the lowest estimate
touch on - mention a subject briefly
under the water - not feeling well
wait around - waiting in vain
wait on - attend as a servant;serve
well worth the trouble - it deseres the inconvenience or trouble
whole new ballgame - an entirely different situation

with flying colors - succeed very well
without a hitch - without difficulty or delay

TOEFL单复数不同和易用混的单词

TOEFL单复数不同和易用混的单词

 

 

　　虽然与GRE　比起来，托福的词汇简直是小巫见大巫，但是托福中有些词汇真的是非常容易搞混，同时托福词汇中有一批单词，其单复数含义有很大不同，现在一并列出，供大家参考。　

容易用混的词：　

incredible,　incredulous　

incredible:　"无法相信的"、"难以置信的"、转义为"奇妙的"　

incredulous:　"不相信的"、"怀疑的"　

alibi,　excuse　

excuse和alibi都有"借口"的意思。　

excuse含有承认自己不对的意味，只是想找一理由借以避免或减轻责任。　

alibi基本上是法律用语，指受指控的案件发生时，不在现场。　

alibi在口语中可作excuse（借口）用，但这类借口往往是杜撰的。　

alien,　foreigner　

两个词都是"外国人"，但感情色彩不同。　

foreigner用得比较普遍，多少带有友好的意味。　

alien可作为法律用语，语气较冷峻。　

allege,　assert　

这两个词都有"宣称"的意思　

allege并没有让人信服的证据，因而语气较弱　

assert比较有根据，因而语气较强　

allow　for,　allow　of　

Allow　for:　"将。。。考虑在内"　

Allow　of:　"容许"　

allude,　refer　

refer　(to)　用于直接提起人或事情　

allude　(to)　用于暗指或不直接地指人或事情　

alternate,　alternative　

alternate:　"交替的"、"轮流的"　

alternative:　"另外可供选择的"　

已经有了用alternate来代替alternative的倾向。英文报刊常提到用　

alternate　fuels（其他燃料）来代替gasoline（汽油）；飞行员遇到恶劣天气无法降落时会提到alternate　landing　field（另择降落机场），　

后者显然不是指飞行员准备施展飞行技术，轮番在不同飞行跑道尝试降落。　

alternative,　choice　alternative：必须做出的严肃或重大的抉择，而且经常是两者必选其一。　

choice：多指一般的选择，而且有更大的自由，即可选可不选。　

amaze,　surprise　

amaze:　多指因wonder　and　bewilderment（难以弄懂或困惑）而引起的惊奇。　

surprise:　多用于因事情unusual　and　unexpected（不寻常或未料到）而产生的诧异，侧重于"意外"。　

amiable,　amicable　

两个词都有"亲切"、"友好"的意思。　

amiable　多用于指人　

amicable多指关系　

amoral,　immoral　

amoral:　只是指与道德无关或不知何谓道德　

immoral:　说一个人或一件事情不道德　

anxious,　eager　

anxious　往往出于worry（忧虑）或anxiety（担心）；　

eager则出于enthusiasm（热衷）。　

因此，如果要表示"孩子们热切地盼望圣诞节来临"，用　

The　children　are　eager　for　Christmas　to　come.　

apt,　liable,　likely　

apt和likely后接不定式时，区别极为细微。　

likely指一件事情极可能发生，但不一定发生　

apt指一件一定会发生的事情　

liable一般和不理想的事情，如：　

此外，apt的含义比likely广，另可指"恰当的"、"有能力的"　

an　apt　remark、an　apt　student、be　apt　at　learning　

arbitrate,　mediate　

arbitrate:仲裁，一般按一定的法律程序进行操作，所作最后决定对接受仲裁双方（或多方）都有约束力　

mediate:调解，即帮助排解纠纷和解决分歧，所作决定无法律上的约束力。　

ardor,　passion　

两个词都表示stronge　motions（热烈的感情），均可用于对待事业或对待个人。然而，passion这个词因用得太多过滥而"变味"，词意发生了很大的变化。现在passion用于人已经从"热情"上升　为love或sexual　desire，英文报刊上经常出现的crime　of　passion　（性犯罪）即是一例。　passion用于事物时，"热情"已变为"喜欢"或"极爱好"等　。　

在表示"热情"和"激情"时，ardor似乎比较正宗，ardor的原意是burning，燃烧自然与热情有关。　

assent,　consent　

assent:　指赞许某种意见或建议　

consent:　指对提出的要求表示同意或让步　

assume,　presume　

这两个词都有"认为"、"以为"、"猜测"时，都只是基于一　定的逻辑推理，未必有确切的根据。比较而言，assume更为确定　一些，presume则更多地带有猜测的成分，因此常用于疑问句。　

此外，assume还可以用于提出假设。　

attorney,　counsel,　lawyer　

三个词都可以广义地译为"律师"。　

lawyer用得最为广泛，凡经过专业训练获得开业资格的无论哪种律师都可以称lawyer。　

attorney指由当事人授权处理法律事物的律师，因此可以说：　

Mr.　Smith　is　a　lawyer,　but　Mr.　Thompson　is　not　my　attorney.　

counsel是指给当事人出主意并代当事人在法庭说话的法律顾问或辩护律师，在法庭上，法官称呼参与审讯的律师也用counsel。　

由于lawyer一词使用太多，加上西方社会对律师时有讥讽和诽闻，这个词多少带有贬义，因此律师一般自称attorney。实际上这三个词经常可以互换。　

avenge,　revenge　

avenge更多地含有"伸张正义"的意义　

revenge侧重"报复"　

用avenge时，主语往往不是受害者；受害者或具体事件作为avenge的宾语。　

revenge，主语通常是受害者本人，因此后可接反身代词，　

He　revenged　himself.　

banquet,　feast　

从词源上看，banquet原意是bench（长凳），古时西方人同坐在长凳上吃喝就是"宴会"了，出席者一般有一定的身份，因而banquet带有正式和庄重的意味。因此banquet多用于宴请外国首脑或较正式的公务、商务宴请。　

feast则用于娱乐性的宴请，或家宴。　

base,　basis,　foundation　

base做名词时意为"底部"、"底座"等，多用于具体事物。　

basis一般用于抽象事物。　

base也可用于抽象事物，如：the　base　of　a　theory（理论基础），这时它和basis区别不大，然而basis在现代英语中用得越来越广泛。尤以on　a　..　basis为甚：on　a　countract　basis　（合同制）　

foundation指具体事物时和base相似，但一般指高大建筑物的基础；用于指抽象事物时与basis相似。无论指哪一种，foundation　均给人以坚实和牢固的感觉。　

bona　fide,　bona　fides　

bona　fide:　adv.　adj.　in　good　faith　

bona-fide　enquiries　诚意的询问　

bona　fides:　n.　good　faith　

capital　,capitol　

capital:　the　seat　of　government　首都、首府　

capitol:　the　buliding　in　which　the　government　sits　政府大楼　

the　Capitol　---　美国国会大厦　

chef　,　cook　

chef　来自法语，似乎身价更高一些，多指大酒楼的厨师　

cook　源于古英语，多指一般的厨师或炊事人员　

childish　,　childlike　

childish　孩子气的，指孩子不如人意的地方，如不懂事、幼稚、傻气等，带有贬义　

childlike　孩子般的，多指孩子讨人喜欢的方面，如天真、纯洁、真诚等　

company　,　firm　

根据英美企业法，firm只是指partnership(合伙公司)或unincorporated　business（非责任有限公司），company则可指corporation（责任有限公司）。　

complement,　compliment　

complement:　v.　（使）完成、补充、补足　n.　补充物　

compliment　v.　n.　表扬、赞美　

comprehend　understand　

understand是深度和广度都超过comprehend的"理解"　

You　may　comprehend　every　word　in　this　passage,　but　you　may　not　understand　its　overall　meaning.　

consistent　,persistent　

consistent:　adj.　前后一致的，始终如一的　

persistent:　adj.　坚持不懈的，　锲而不舍的　

constrain　,restrain　

constrain:　强迫、迫使　

restrain:　束缚、限制行动　

记忆要诀：con-前缀一般都有"把。。。聚集/汇拢在一起"的意念，带有强制性的感觉，因此constrain　是"强迫、迫使"re-前缀　一般是指"向后的运动"　

discreet.　discrete,　discretion　

discreet　/di'skrit,　di'skri:t/:　a.　(of　people　or　their　behaviour)　careful　and　polite,　esp.　in　what　one　chooses　(not)　to　say;　showing　good　sense　and　judgement　a　discreet　silence,opposite(反义词）:indiscreet　discrete　/di'skrit,　di'skri:t/　a.　(esp.　tech　or　fml)　seperate,　discontinuous　

discretion:　n.　(1)　the　quality　of　being　discreet　(2)　the　ability　to　decide　

what　is　most　suitable　to　be　done　(3)　at　someone'　discretion:　according　to　someone's　decision　(4)　years　of　discretion:　the/an　age　when　one　is　considered　(5)　discretion　is　the　better　part　of　valour:　

advice　忠告　air　空气　ash　灰烬　beef　牛肉　

advices　消息　airs　风度、神气　ashes　骨灰　beeves　食用牛，菜牛　

blue　兰色　brain　脑髓　colour　颜色　compass　罗盘　

blues　烦闷，忧郁　brians　脑力　colours　旗帜　compasses　圆规　

custom　习惯，风俗　damage　损害　effect　效果　copper　铜　

customs　海关，关税　damages　赔偿金　effects　动产，家产　coppers　铜线　

fetters　囚禁，束缚　experiences　经历　foots　渣滓　force　力　

fetter　脚镣　experience　经验　foot　脚　forces　军队，兵力　

fund　资金　green　绿色　ground　土地　gut　肠子　

funds　现金　greens　蔬菜　grounds　根据，理由　guts　内脏，内容，勇气　

heaven　天国　honour　荣誉　iron　铁　letter　信，字母　

heavens　天空　honours　优等成绩　irons　镣铐　letters　文学　

line　行　look　脸色，看　manner　方式　minute　分钟　

lines　诗歌　looks　容貌　manners　礼貌　minutes　会议记录　

moral　教训　oil　油　pain　痛苦　part　部分　

morals　品行　oils　油画　pains　辛苦，努力　parts　才能　

physic　药品　premise　前提　quarter　四分之一　return　回来　

physics　物理　premises　房屋　quarters　住宅　returns　利润　

sand　沙　saving　节约　scale　风度　silk　绸　

sands　沙滩　savings　储金　scales　天平　silks　绸衣　　　

spectacle　景象　spirit　精神　step　步骤，脚步　time　时间　

spectacles　眼镜　spirits　烈酒　steps　台阶　times　时代　

troop　群，队　water　水　wit　有才能的人　work　工作　

troops　军队　waters　海洋　wits　智力　works　工厂　

content　容量，内容　drawer　抽屉　

contents　目录　drawers　衬裤　

活用高级文法破解TOEFL复杂长句

活用高级文法破解TOEFL复杂长句

课程介绍与工具书目

 

●针对台湾英文教育弱点:

研究生, 大学教师与专业人士必备的技能之一﹐就是阅读知识性与学术性的英文期刊和书籍, 以保持精进与成长, 务必与全球同步. 除了相当的学识程度之外﹐当事人也一定要具备相当的英文程度﹐可以快速分解复杂的句构﹐判断出主句、子句、修饰词语﹐以及主词、动词在哪里﹐才能够正确理解其意思。若不具备此一能力﹐只能用猜测与揣度的方式﹐而误解了原文。本课程的目标之一﹐就是传授破解这类复杂句子的过程与技巧。此一课程有心得之后, 对台湾很多的现象---学术书籍的中译本错误很多, 很多教授与硕博士班学生无法阅读或者严重误读英文学术书籍或期刊---就会了然于胸.

 

●上课内容:

采用高知识涵量的超复杂长句(50—100字)为上课内容，进行结构破解与阅读，训练高难度之学术型文句之阅读与理解，同时学习夹带的各学科知识。有助大幅提升专业期刊与学术书籍的阅读理解能力与翻译速度，大大降低硕博士班课业压力，乃研究生或留学者的学术英文预备课程，而且有助争取TOEFL、GRE与IELTS高分和英检高级过关。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　

 

●讲义打印;

点阅青年服务社网站馆前教室高级英文班廷建士老师专栏，
自行打印例句预习，自行试看看如何破解。老师在上课进行破解过程。若讲义尚未贴上，请电２３８１９１６５转２３２林律均２４９韵竹２４５惠卿　２４１梁组长。

 

●时数:

每梯次7周, 每周2.5小时; 上课日期与收费依正式简章为准.

 

●适合对象:

本课程特别适合正在国内外攻读或准备攻读跨国人文.社会.行为学科.法政.财经学科,与国际关系.区域研究及全球化研究的硕博士班学员, 以及在专业领域精进的社会人士。由于目前各类高级考试的阅读测验范围涵盖甚广, 而且专业用字用语愈来愈多, 段落与结构也愈来愈长且愈难, 本课程也适合增进英检高级与优级的实力,并在TOEFL　GRE　 IELTS与GEPT高级提高成绩.

 

●选修建议:

同学最好具有PBT纸笔托福560 (CBT计算机托福220、最新制IBT托福测验83)、IELTS阅读 6.5或全民英检中高级复试及格以上程度。文法尚待加强者，请优先选修中级文法课程。

 

●例句一

While attending Cannes film festival, Sharon Stone, the actress famous for her poses and body gestures provoking burning sex desires and philanthropically active campaigns for the victims inflicted by AIDS and Tibetans devastated by Communist China, bluntly said that the earthquake in China killing sixty-five thousand people and making five millions displaced was "karma", a notion in Hinduism and Buddhism that implicitly argued that the hyper-deadly quake was a recompense for the evil China had done to the others, particularly to Tibetans.

 

●例句二

To test whether or not what has been working in Mexico in the past decade can be applied to the circumstances in the US, the New York City, which many people across the developing world regard as a beacon of prosperity, is encouraging several pilot programmes partly funded by a charity run by Michael Bloomberg, the mayor who bears the same name with a prestigious news agency establishd by himself and devoted to business and finance reports, that offer cash to families and teachers for improving performance in health and education.

 

●活用高级文法破解示范(上课时由老师当场破解):

Covenant marriage ensconces in the law the ideal that marriage is to be life-long and incorporates legal obligations that constitute a more binding commitment by the spouses from the beginning of their marriage, by a declaration of intent, and throughout the duration of their marriage, by agreeing to take all necessary steps, including marriage counseling, if difficulties arise during the marriage.

 

• 结构破解
  

 

Covenant marriage ensconces

 

in the law

 

the ideal

 

that marriage is to be life-long

 

and incorporates legal obligations

 

(that constitute a more binding commitment)

 

by the spouses

 

from the beginning of their marriage,

 

by a declaration of intent,

 

and

 

throughout the duration of their marriage,

 

by agreeing to take all necessary steps,

 

including marriage counseling,

if difficulties arise during the marriage.

 

１﹑一定要先找出主要结构，红色部份就是主结构。

 

２﹑第一个小括号的that marriage is to be life-long 是个名词子句，说明the ideal 的内容。

 

３﹑第二个小括号是一个关系子句，修饰obligations。

 

４﹑严格来说，第二个小括号到末尾是一个很长的关系子句，子句的主词为that, 其先行词为obligations。

 

５﹑by the spouses 介系词词组当形容词，说明commitment 是谁做的。

 

６﹑from the beginning of their marriage 介系词词组，当时间副词。

 

７、by a declaration of intent 介系词词组，当副词用，说明在婚姻一开始是藉由何种办法来约束配偶双方。

 

８、throughout the duration of their marriage介系词词组，当时间副词。

 

９、by agreeing to take all necessary steps介系词词组，当副词用，说明在婚姻延续期间，是藉由何种办法来约束配偶双方。

 

• 破解成为数个源头句
  

 

１、Covenant marriage ensconces in the law the ideal and incorporates legal obligations. （主结构句）

 

２、The ideal is that marriage is to be life-long.

 

３、The legal obligations constitute a more binding commitment.

 

４、The commitment is made by the spouses.

 

５、The commitment is made from the beginning of their marriage by a declaration of intent.

 

６、And the commitment is made throughout the duration of their marriage by agreeing to take all necessary steps.

 

７、The steps include marriage counseling, if difficulties arise during the marriage.

 

• 参考译文
  

 

 Covenant marriage ensconces in the law the ideal that marriage is to be life-long and incorporates legal obligations that constitute a more binding commitment by the spouses from the beginning of their marriage, by a declaration of intent, and throughout the duration of their marriage, by agreeing to take all necessary steps, including marriage counseling, if difficulties arise during the marriage.

 

「誓约婚姻」在法律中揭橥婚姻将是白头偕老之理想，并把新人打从新婚伊始所作、构成一项较有约束力之承诺的法定义务纳入，以一份意愿书，且终其婚姻持续期间，同意如果这段期间出现难题，会采取包括婚姻辅导的一切必要措施，。

 

• 补充说明
  

  １﹑covenant marriage誓约婚姻，美国某些州为了因应离婚率过高、社会问题严重，而研拟出来的新的婚姻型式。双方必须经过婚前辅导，以一份定型化契约为准，修改为双方合意而签署。
  

  
   

  ２﹑binding 有约束力的，non-binding 不具约束力的，legally binding 具法律约束力的。
  

  
   

３﹑intent 意图、意向、目的，letter of intent 意向书，契约用语。

 

●参考书目:

Correct Writing （内容为全部英文，书林出版）

美国 D. C. HEATH and COMPANY 授权书林在台湾印制及贩卖.

远东新英文法中阶 (陈纯音着, 远东)

远东新英文法高阶 (陈纯音着, 远东)

ADVANCED GRAMMAR IN USE—(CAMBRIDGE 出版, 书林代理)

 

一般辞典

英汉大辞典
（陆谷孙编，大字圣经纸本，东华）──目前较好的英汉大字典，

很大本，很贵。

 

MACMILLAN DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH FOR ADVANCED LEARNERS （橘色封面，书林代理）

COLLINS-COBUILD ADVANCED LEARNER'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY-

（蓝色，书林代理）

OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER'S DICTOINARY (蓝色，敦煌代理)

LONGMAN DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH（蓝色，培生）

CAMBRIDGE ADVANCE LEARNER'S DICTIONARY （蓝色，书林代理）

________此乃英语世界五大品牌的学习字典，为英美高中生必用,

最好拥有１－２本。如果英英阅读能力差，可从最简单的MACMILLAN开始。

 

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary--Eleventh Edition (红色，书林代理)

Collins English Dictionary--21 Century Edition (蓝色，书林代理)

The Random House Dictionary of English Language—Unabridged Edition (Random House)
此乃英美大学生使用的综合性辞典

TOEFL考试听力习惯用语补充小总结

TOEFL考试听力习惯用语补充小总结

下面是一个朋友对听力习语的补充总结，结合听力笔记，应该有些效果。

电影

aisle seat--过道旁的座位

go to the movies/go to a movie(冠词不可少)

row--排

音乐

receive a standing ovation

成语

like peas and carrots--形影不离

I'll miss you twenty-four seven.(24 hours and 7 day)

Break one's leg--大获全胜

With flying colors--大获全胜

Leave sth. well alone/leave it at that不要画蛇添足

人际

gang up on sth.联合起来对付某人

--They always gang up on me.

Quite a person = somebody--是个人物Come to the point--进入正题

Gild the lily.--多此一举

Get out of the wrong side of the bed.--发脾气

Go to bed with chickens--规律地睡眠

Since you make your bed, you must lie on it.

--= take one's medicine--自食其果

have a word with sb. about sth.--讨论问题

have words with sb. about sth. --吵架

I'd never get enough of it.--玩不够

I've got enough of it.--受够了

Don't get me wrong.--别误会我

Don't get on my nerve.--别惹我心烦

What a nerve--真不要脸

I don't have a nerve(heart).--没有勇气

Spend money like water.

Head over heels in love with sb.--拜倒在…

--A good life is imspired by love and guided by knowledge.

I was born in a dradon year.出生在龙年

请客

this is my treat.

Let me treat you to sth.

Let me pay the bill.

The bill is on me.

Go dutch--aa制

Spilt the check.

健忘

going one ear and out of the other.

Have a short(poor) memory.

Have a memory like a sieve.

Ins and outs= details--细节

Ups and downs--生活中的起伏和波折

Odds and ends--鸡毛蒜皮的小事

对话中的肯定

And how.

By all means.

Go ahead.

How right you are.

I am behind you.

I am for it.

I am with you.

I don't wonder.

No abjection.

No wonder.

Right on.

Small wonder.

So be it.

Yes, indeed.

对话中的否定

How can we do that?

How did she know?

That's not saying very much.

Who told you that.

You don't say so.

语气词

oh,nuts=bother(他妈的)

boy=man(好家伙，表示惊讶)

my gosh=my god

whoopee表示兴奋

DO的一些用法

do the bed----叠被子

do one's face--洗脸

do one's teeth--刷牙

do the washing--洗衣

do the cook--做饭

do the windows--擦窗

do the kitchen--收拾厨房

take的一些用法

take for granted

takes into account--仔细考虑

take my breath away--惊险的

take with a grain of salt

take the plunge--采取步骤/尝试

take one's medicine--自食其果

take after --长的很像

各种费用

dues--俱乐部的会费

fare--车费

fee--费用的总称

fine--罚款

tip--小费

toll--过路过桥费--tollbooth收费站

tution--学费

break的用法

broke--a.没钱的

break up--分手

give sb. a break放一马

天气

1.好天气--fine/nice/mild/clear/seasonable

2.坏天气--harsh/severe

3.热天气--warm/hot/sweltering/scorching/muggy/sticky/close

4.冷天气--cold/chilly/freezingly/biting/icecold/icy

5.雾天气--foggy/smuggy/misty/hazy/cloudy/overcast

----It's covered gray coluds.

6.雨天气--drizzle/light rain/heavyrain/cloudburst/rainstorm/ thouderstrom/shower

----It's pouring down.

----It's raining cats and dogs.

----It's a fine day for ducks.

7.雪天气--sleet/slight/blizzard/snowstorm

8.风--breezy/gusty/hurricane/flurry/cyclone/typhoon

9.冰雹--hail

餐馆

take one's order--上菜

a table for two两人桌

menu--菜单

recipe--菜谱

have a good taste on sth.--对…有品味

first come, first serve.--先来先服务

fit

keep fit保持健康

as fit as fiddle

fill

fill in

fill sb. in ons'sth.告诉某人某事

spare=extra

spare parts--零部件

spare no effects不遗余力

笑

smile微笑

chuckle--吃吃的笑

giggle--傻笑

guffaw--狂笑

beam--微笑

simper--痴笑

grin--露齿笑

snigger

titter

smirk--假笑

burst into laughter

from ear to ear

穿着

appropriate得体--casual随意

formal situation: graduation ceremony, cocktail, presetation,wedding,etc.穿suit, jacket, tie.

Informal situation: picnic, barbeque, cook-out

穿T-shirt, jeans, sweeter, sneaker

get

get at意思指的是

get around to找出时间作某事

get rid of

get over痊愈、接受

get off on the ground落实

get off on the wrong foot.出师不利

put

put away/up

put out

put up with容忍

put forward提出

stay put停留不走

put you through接通电话

put into effect付诸实施

put one's shoulders on the wheel齐心协力作某事

put the cars before the house--本末倒置

put our heads together--集思广益

put one's heart and sole into sth.

商店

Does this shirt come in small/medium/large?

--有小/中/大号的吗？

Are you being served?有人照料您吗？

交通

the roads are clear.

The traffic is light.

拥挤：heavy/stuck/blocked

成绩

grade/score/mark

passing grade/falling grade--不及格

full marks/perfect grade--满分

graduate with honors--以优异成绩毕业

pass the exam with flying colors--以优异成绩通过考试

修理场景

drawer/window/door---stuck

shutters---loose

faucet---leaky

sink---clogged/blocked

stereo/type player---doesn't work

refrigerator/washing machine---can't get parts for it

technician/preparing person/maintenance crew/plumber

track

lose track of没有把握好...

keep track of掌握好...

at the right track方向正确

TOEFL（托福）全真测试题

TOEFL（托福）全真测试题

structure and written expression

1 according to the third law of thermodynamics, _______ possible is -273.16 degrees centigrade.

(a) that temperature is lowest

(b) the temperature is lowest

(c) lowest temperature

(d) the lowest temperature

2 after the first world war, the author anais nin became interested in the art movement known as surrealism and in psychoanalysis, both _____her novels and short stories.

(a) in which the influence

(b) of which influenced

(c) to have influence

(d) its influence in

3 muskrats generally_______ close to the edge of a bog, where their favorite plant foods grow plentifully.

(a) staying

(b) they are staying

(c) stay

(d) to stay there

4 oliver elisworth,_____ of the united states supreme court, was the author of the bill that

established the federal court system.

(a) he was the third chief justice

(b) the third chief justice was

(c) who the third chief justice

(d) the third chief justice

5 _______colonial period the great majority of connecticut's settlers came from england.

(a) since

(b) the time

(c) during the

(d) it was

6 a politician can make a legislative proposal more _____by giving specific examples of what its

effect will be.

(a) to understanding

(b) understandably

(c) understandable

(d) when understood

7 playing the trumpet with dazzling originality,_____dominated jazz for 20 years.

(a) louis armstrong

(b) the influence of louis armstrong

(c) the music of louis armstrong

(d) louis armstrong's talent

8 before every presidential election in the united states, the statisticians try to guess the proportion of the population that _____for each candidate.

(a) are voted

(b) voting

(c) to be voted

(d) will vote

9 ______at a river ford on the donner pass route to california, the city of reno grew as bridges and railroads were built.

(a) settle

(b) to settle

(c) it was settling

(d) having been settled

TOEFL阅读中常见的熟词僻义

TOEFL阅读中常见的熟词僻义

 

appropriate v. 擅用，挪用，占用，盗用
article n. 物品；制品，商品
arrested adj. 引人注目的
assume v. 承担，担任。假装，装作…的样子，采取(…态度)
bark n. 树皮; 三桅帆船
bill n. 账单；清; 议案，法案; .(水禽等细长而扁平的)嘴〔猛禽的钩状嘴通常叫beak 〕
book vt. 预定，定(戏位、车位等)；托运(行李等)
build n. 骨格，体格，成形
catch n. 陷阱，圈套，诡计；料不到的困难
champion vt. 维护，拥护，主张；为…而奋斗。champion a cause 维护一项事业。
chest n. 1) 箱，函，柜，匣2) 银箱；金库，公款，资金
close adj. 闷气的，闷热的
complex n. 络合物，复合物，综合体
concern n. 商行，公司；财团；康采恩；事业，业务
consume vi. 枯萎；憔悴The flowers consumed away. 花枯萎了。 be consumed [away] with (envy, fever, ambition, grief)
count n. 起诉理由，罪状。
critical adj. 危急的;决定性的，重大的
coat v. 涂上一层(例如油漆)
cure v. (鱼等用腌、熏、晒、烤等的)加工保藏(法)。
cut vt. 生，长，出(牙齿)
date n. 海枣
deal n. (松等的)木板；木材，木料; adj. 松木的
dear adj. 昂贵的，高价的
default n.&v. 不履行；违约；拖欠
defer v. 1) 拖延，迁延，展缓；扣存; 2) 服从，听从，遵从 (to)
dock n. 草本植物 vt. 剥夺，扣去…的应得工资
down n. 〔美国〕沙丘; (蒲公英等的)冠毛; 鸭绒，绒毛；(鸟的)绒羽；柔毛。汗毛，软毛，毳毛
draw vt. 提取(钱款); 使打成平局
drill vt. (用钢钻)钻(孔)；在…上(用钢钻)钻孔
drive n. 冲力，动力；干劲；努力；魄力；精力
eat vt. 蛀；腐蚀；消磨
exploit n. 功绩，功劳，勋绩
factor n. 因子，因数; 倍；乘数；商
fair n. 〔英国〕定期集市，庙会。商品展览会，展销会，商品交易会
fashion vt. 形成，铸成，造，作 (into; to)
felt n. 毛毡；毛布；毡制品；油毛毡。
figure n. 人影，人形；人物
fine
fly
functional adj. 从使用的观点设计[构成]的
give n. 弹性
hide n. 兽皮
hit vt. 偶然碰见，遭遇
hold n. （货船）船舱
humor n. (眼球的)玻璃状液体；(旧时生理学所说动物的)体液；(植物的)汁液。
import n. 意义，含义
inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的
involved adj. 复杂的，难缠的
issue n.&v. 流出，(血、水等的)涌出; 【法律】子孙，子女
jar vi 1.给人烦躁[痛苦]的感觉，刺激 (on) (发出刺耳声地)撞击 (on upon against)。3.震动，震荡(不 和谐地)反响，回荡。4.(意见、行动等)不一致，冲突，激烈争吵 (with)。 jar on sb. 给某人不快之感。

late adj. 已去世的 ，已故的
lay adj. 1.一般信徒的，俗人的，凡俗的 (opp. clerical)。2.无经验的，外行(人)的 (opp. professional)。
lead n. 铅
leave n. 1.许可，同意。2.告假，休假；假期
letter n. 出租人; letters 证书，许可证
lot n. 土地
make n. 构造
measure n. 准绳；韵律
meet n. 比赛
minute adj. 微小的，细小的
novel adj. 新的，新颖的 ；新奇的，珍奇的，异常的
observe vi.陈述意见，评述，简评 (on; upon) strange to observe 讲起来虽奇怪。I have very little to observe on what has been said. 关于刚才所听到的我没什么话好讲。vt. observe silence 保持沉默。 observe a rule 遵守规则。
organ n. 【音乐】(教堂用的)管风琴(＝〔美国〕 pipe organ)；(足踏)风琴；手摇风琴；口琴。机构； 机关；机关报[杂志]；喉舌；报刊。
outstanding adj. 未付的，未清的；未解决的；未完成的
partial adj. 【植物；植物学】后生的，再生的。
period 【音乐】乐段
pile n. 1. 高大建筑；2. 痔疮 3. 软毛，绒毛；毛茸。(布、绒的)软面。
pitch n. 沥青；含有沥青的物质；松脂，树脂
pool n. 【医学】淤血
pound n. 兽栏 v. .(连续)猛击；乱敲；砰砰砰地乱弹(钢琴等)，乱奏(曲子)
preserve n. 1) 禁猎区；2)蜜饯
produce n. 物产；产品，农产品；制品，作品
project v. 使突出，使凸出; 伸出。 The upper storey projects over the street. 二楼伸出街上。
promise n. (前途有)希望；(有)指望
pronounced adj. 决然的，断然的，强硬的；明白的，显著的。
provided conj. 倘若…，只要，在…条件下。
quality adj. 1.优质的，高级的。2.上流社会的。
quarters n. 寓所，住处；【军事】营房，驻地，营盘，宿舍；岗位。
rate v. 1) 被估价；被评价 The ship rates as a ship of the line. 这条船列入战列舰级。2) 申斥，斥责，骂
rear 饲养(家畜等)；抚养，教养(孩子)；栽培(作物)。
relief n. 【雕刻】凸起；浮起，浮雕；浮雕品；【绘画】人物凸现，轮廓鲜明
rent v. 1. (rend 的过去分词) 撕碎； n. 【地质学；地理学】断口; (意见等的)分裂，分歧；(关系等的)破裂
retire vi. 就寝，去睡觉
run n. 丝袜上的洞
save conj. 除了
say n. 发言权
scale n. 阶梯，梯子; v. 用梯子爬上；爬越，攀登; n. 天平；n. 鳞；(锅垢、锈) v. 剥鳞/垢、锈
school n. (鱼、鲸等水族动物的)群；队。 a school of dolphins 一群海豚。
score n. 【音乐】总谱，乐谱；(电影歌舞等的)配乐
screen n. 筛子
season vt. 1.使熟练；使(习)惯。2.风干；晒干(木材)；晾干，对…进行干燥处理；使陈化。3.使适应(气候等)。4.给…加味[调味]。5.给…增加趣味。6.缓和，调和。
secretary n. 1.(上部附有书橱的)写字台。2.书写体大写铅字。
secure vt. 搞到；把…拿到手；得到；获得
serve vi. 【网球】开球；发球
shower n. (美)(为新娘等举行的)送礼会；(婚前、产后)的聚会
shrink n. 精神病医师
sound vi. 1.测水深；探测(上层空气)。2.试探(别人的意见)；调查(可能性)。3.(鱼或鲸鱼)突然潜入海底。
sow n. 大母猪
spell vt. 1. 招致，带来; 2. 轮班，换班；替班; 3.符咒，咒语。2.吸引力，诱惑力，魔力，魅力。
spoke n. (车轮的)辐条
spot vt. 认出，发现，定位
spring n. 弹簧；泉水 v. 扭伤(腿)
stand v. 忍受；n. 床头柜
standard n. 直立支柱；灯台；烛台，电杆，垂直的水管(电管)。
start v. (船材、钉等)松动，翘曲，歪，脱落。
stem v. 起源于，起因于，(由…)发生，来自 (from out of)。 Correct decisions stem from correct judgments. 正确的决心来自于正确的判断。
still n. 蒸馏锅 v. 整流
strain n. 血统，家世；族，种；【生物学】品系，系；菌株；变种，小种。
stroke n. 笔画
temper n. (黏土的)黏度；(灰泥的)稠度；
tender v. 正式提出； tender one's resignation 提出辞呈
train: n. SCHEME, TRICK ; 敲门，绝技
vessel n. 船，舰；飞船
wage v. 实行，进行，作(战等) (on against)
way adv.〔美口〕…得多，远为。★与 above, ahead, behind, below, down, off, out, over, up 等副 词、介词连用，以加强语气。 way back 老早以前。 way down upon the river Thames 在老远老远的泰晤士河边。 way up 还在上面；好得多。 way out of balance 逆差很大很大。
weather vt.【地质学；地理学】〔常用被动语态〕使风化

well n. 井；vt. 涌出，喷出(up/out/forth)
wind n. 肠气，屁；v. 嗅出，察觉，嗅到猎物的气味（winded/winded）；v. (winded/wound) 吹

(角笛、喇叭等)。 wind a call 吹哨子(召唤)。v. (wound/wound) 卷绕，缠绕；上发条

100个必读的TOEFL英语短句精华

100个必读的TOEFL英语短句精华

1.I'm an office worker. 我是上班族。

2.I work for the government. 我在政府机关做事。

3.I'm happy to meet you.很高兴见到你。

4.I like your sense of humor. 我喜欢你的幽默感。

5. I'm glad to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你。

6. I'll call you. 我会打电话给你。

7. I feel like sleeping/ taking a walk. 我想睡、散步。

8. I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西。

9. I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

10. I would like to talk to you for a minute. 我想和你谈一下。

11. I have a lot of problems. 我有很多问题。

12. I hope our dreams come true. 我希望我们的梦想成真。

13. I'm looking forward to seeing you. 我期望见到你。

14. I'm supposed to go on a diet / get a raise. 我应该节食/涨工资。

15. I heard that you're getting married. Congratulations.听说你要结婚了，恭喜！

16.　I see what your mean. 我了解你的意思。

17. I can't do this. 我不能这么做。

18. Let me explain why I was late. 让我解释迟到的理由。

19. Let's have a beer or something. 咱们喝点啤酒什么的。

20. Where is your office? 你们的办公室在哪？

21. What is your plan? 你的计划是什么？

22. When is the store closing? 这家店什么时候结束营业？

23.　Are you sure you can come by at nine? 你肯定你九点能来吗？

24. Am I allowed to stay out past 10? 我可以十点过后再回家吗？ 

25. The meeting was scheduled for two hours, but it is now over yet.会议原定了两个小时，不过现在还没有结束。 

26. Tom's birthday is this week. 汤姆的生日就在这个星期。

27. Would you care to see it/ sit down for a while? 你要不要看/坐一会儿呢？ 

28. Can you cover for me on Friday/help me/ tell me how to get there?星期五能不能请你替我个班/你能帮我吗/你能告诉我到那里怎么走吗？ 

29. Could you do me a big favor? 能否请你帮我个忙？

30. He is crazy about Crazy English. 他对疯狂英语很着迷。

31. Can you imagine how much he paid for that car?你能想象他那车付了多少钱 ？ 

32.　Can you believe that I bought a TV for $25? 你能相信我买那台代电视机用了25美元吗？ 

33. Did you know he was having an affair/cheating on his wife?你知道他有外遇了吗？欺骗他的妻子吗？ 

34.Did you hear about the new project? 你知道那个新项目吗？

35.Do you realize that all of these shirts are half off? 你知道这些衬衫都卖半价了吗 ？

36.Are you mind if I take tomorrow off? 你介意我明天请假吗？

37.I enjoy working with you very much. 我很喜欢和你一起工作。 

38.Did you know that Stone ended up marrying his secretary?你知道吗？石头最终和他的秘书结婚了。 

39.Let's get together for lunch. 让我们一起吃顿午餐吧。

40.How did you do on your test?　你这次考试的结果如何？

41.Do you think you can come? 你认为你能来吗？

42.How was your weekend ? 你周末过得怎么样？

43.Here is my card. 这是我的名片。

44.He is used to eating out all the time. 他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。

45.I'm getting a new computer for birthday present. 我得到一台电脑作生日礼物。

46.Have you ever driven a BMW? 你有没有开过"宝马"？

47.How about if we go tomorrow instead? 我们改成明天去怎么样？

48.How do you like Hong Kong? 你喜欢香港吗？

49.How do you want your steak? 你的牛排要几分熟？

50.How did the game turn out? 球赛结果如何？

51.How did Mary make all of her money? 玛丽所有的钱是怎么赚到的？

52.How was your date? 你的约会怎么样？

53.How are you doing with your new boss? 你跟你的新上司处得如何？

54.How should I tell him the bad news? 我该如何告诉他这个坏消息？

55.How much money did you make?　你赚了多少钱？

56.How much does it cost to go abroad? 出国要多少钱？

57.How long will it take to get to your house? 到你家要多久？

58.How long have you been here?　你在这里多久了？

59.How nice/pretty/cold/funny/stupid/boring/interesting.

60.How about going out for dinner? 出去吃晚餐如何？

61.I'm sorry that you didn't get the job. 很遗憾，你没有得到那份工作。

62.I'm afraid that it's not going to work out.　我恐怕这事不会成的。

63.I guess I could come over. 我想我能来。

64.Is it okay to smoke in the office? 在办公室里抽烟可以吗？

65.It was kind of exciting. 有点剌激。

66.I know what you want. 我知道你想要什么。

67.Is that why you don't want to go home? 这就是你不想回家的原因吗？

68.I'm　sure we can get you a great / good deal.我很肯定我们可以帮你做成一笔好交易。

69.Would you help me with the report? 你愿意帮我写报告吗？

70.I didn't know he was the richest person in the world.我不知道他是世界上最有钱的人。

71.I'll have to ask my boss/wife first.我必须先问一下我的老板/老婆。

72.I take it you don't agree. 这么说来，我认为你是不同意。

73.I tried losing weight, but nothing worked. 我曾试着减肥，但是毫无效果。

74.It doesn't make any sense to get up so early.那么早起来没有任何意义。

75.It took years of hard work to speak good English.讲一口流利的英语需要多年的刻苦练。

76.It feels like spring/ I've been here before.感觉好象春天到了/我以前来过这里。

77.I wonder if they can make it . 我在想他们是不是能办得到。

78.It's not as cold / hot as it was yesterday. 今天不想昨天那么冷'热。

79.It's not his work that bothers me; it's his attitude. 困扰我的不是他的工作而是他态度

80.It sounds like you enjoyed it . 听起来你好象蛮喜欢的。

81.It seems to me that be would like to go back home. 我觉得他好象想要回家。

82.It looks very nice. 看起来很漂亮。

83.Is everything under control? 一切都在掌握之中吗？

84.I thought you could do a better job. 我以为你的表现会更好。

85.It's time for us to say "No" to America. 是我们对美国说不的时候了。

86.The show is supposed to be good. 这场表演应当是相当好的。

87.It really depends on who is in charge. 那纯粹要看谁负责了。

88.It involves a lot of hard work. 那需要很多的辛勤工作。

89.That might be in your favor. 那可能对你有利。

90.I didn't realize how much this meant to you. 我不知道这个对你的意义有这么大。

91.I didn't mean to offend you. 我不是故意冒犯你。 

92.I was wondering if you were doing anything this weekend. 我想知道这个周末你有什么要做。 

93.May I have your attention., please? 请大家注意一下。

94.This is great golfing / swimming/ picnic weather. 这是个打高尔夫球/游泳/野餐的好天。

95.Thanks for taking me the movie. 谢谢你带我去看电影。

96.I am too tired to speak. 我累得说不出活来。

97.Would you tell me your phone number? 你能告诉我你的电话号码吗？

98.Where did you learn to speak English? 你从哪里学会说英语的呢？

99.There is a TV show about AIDS on right now. 电视正在播放一个关于爱滋病的节目。

100.What do you think of his new job/ this magazine? 你对他的新工作/这本杂志看法何？ 　

俞敏洪:精彩TOEFL句子结构100句

俞敏洪:精彩TOEFL句子结构100句

(由新东方俞敏洪老师从上百套真题中提炼而出)

1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？

3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。

8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。

10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

12. Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
Billie Holiday's作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
机械定时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械定时器。

17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。

19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。

20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺伊州也能看见它们。

21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。

23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。

24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance's solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。

25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。

26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。

27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。

28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。

29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。

30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。

31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。

32. That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。

33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。

34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。

35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。

36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。

37. Lucretia Mott's influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
Lucretia Mott's的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。

38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。

39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
大陆分水岭是指北美落基山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。

40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。

41. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。

42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
墙花之所以叫墙花，是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长，以便有所依附。

43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往，而不是他们各自生活中的事件。

44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams' enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。

45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀，凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起，飞离它们的躲藏地。

46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
根据人类学家的说法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似，额头后倾，眉毛突出。

47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。

48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。

49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。

50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
北美远古的Hopewell人很可能种植了玉米和其它农作物，但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。

51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.
使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。

52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
无政府主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度，它们的主要共同点在于相信政府是有害的，没有必要的。

53. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.
恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。

54. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.
使用精心挑选的无意义词汇，可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。

55. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.
优化历史是由一连串的迷人事件组成，其源头大概可以上溯到最早的图画。

56. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.
相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。

57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.
十八世纪时，"小乌龟"是迈阿密部落的酋长，该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安纳州和俄亥俄州。

58. Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.
在竹子的近七百个品种中，有的全长成还不到一英尺，有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。

59. Before staring on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.
谨慎的航海员在出航前，会研究航向，记录的灯塔的位置，以便对各种可能出现的情况做到有备无患。

60. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.
在所有的经济作物中，棕榈树得到的研究最少。

61. Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.
购买者和销售者都应该留意技术的新发展，原因很简单，因为技术能够并且已经影响着营销活动。

62. The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter.
计算机储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。

63. The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.
人类骨骼有二百多块骨头组成，住些骨头石油坚韧而相对缺乏弹性的，被称为韧带的结蒂组连在一起。

64. The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.
珍珠的色泽受到作为其母体牡蛎种类及牡蛎生活水域的深度，温度和含盐度的制约。

65. Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues.
尽管模仿鸟学很多种鸟的鸣叫声惟妙惟肖，但人类还是能够依其声音上的线索很快识别它们。

66. Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.
鲶鱼不仅可以离开水存活，还可以在岸上短距离移动。

67. Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changers in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.
科学家不知道恐龙为何绝种了，但是一些理论推断是地理，气候和海平面的变化造成的。

68. The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes information derived from other sciences.
主要目的在于丰富和优质的农艺学利用了其它科学的知识。

69. Snow aids farmers by keeping heart in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.
雪对农民是一种帮助，因为它保持地层土壤的温度，使种子不致冻死。

70. Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.
历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋，但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。

71. People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water.
史前的人们制造颜料是将植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末，然后加水。

72. Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.
黄菊花通常令人生厌，它挤走不那么顽强的植物，并找来很多害虫。

73. Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.
大约从公元前七千年开始，在四千年当中，北半球的温度比现在高。

74. When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.
当亨利.福特最初制造汽车为寻求资金支持时，农民和一般职员也能拥有汽车的想法被认为是可笑的。

75. Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.
北美秃头鹰的数量一度很多，但在近四十年中全北美的秃头鹰数量急剧下降。

76. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.
水獭啃倒树木，以便取食物并获得造窝的材料。

77. Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets.
长卷毛狗曾被用作猎鸭时叼回猎物的猎犬，但是美国Kennel Club却不承认它们为猎犬，因为它们现在大多数作为宠物饲养。

78. As a result of what is now known in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.
物理学和化学的一个成果是使得科学家们能在生物学和医学上获得重大发现。

79. The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.
根据默默无闻的小说制作优秀影片在美国由来已久，已经成为传统。

80. Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.
因为顾客认为最好的水果应该看起来也是最漂亮的，所以种植者必须提供能满足挑剔眼光的产品。

81. Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
电视，这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。

82. Television is more than just an electronics; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
电视不仅仅是一件电器；它是表达的手段和交流的载体并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。

83. Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivism------that is the rate for re-arrest------is more than 60 percent.
更让人吃惊的事实是监禁的数目和比例在过去的二十年中翻了一番还有余，以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——为百分之六十强。

84. His teaching began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago, where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences.
他的教书生涯始于麻省理工学院，但是William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大学。他在那里正式任职长达整整一代人的时间。他的高级作文课上的学生觉得他在课上古板得可怕，但私下交流却富有同情和理解。

85. The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair. Its muscles are such that it is quits incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm.
树獭即不讲究卫生，以至于它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔，成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处，变成毛毛虫，并以它的脏毛为食。她的肌肉不能让他哪怕在很短的距离以内以每小时一公里的速度移动。它能做的最敏捷的动作就是挥一挥它弯曲的胳膊。

86. Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as way and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers.
人造花卉即可用于科学目的，也可用于装饰目的，它们可以用各种各样的材料制成，臂如蜡和玻璃；其制作如此精巧，几乎可以以假乱真。

87. Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States.
在伊利诺伊州Argonne市的一个废弃煤矿的三年研究取得了成果，科学家们相信这些成果可以帮助改造把美国产煤区弄得伤痕累累的数千个旧煤场。

88. When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines.
当有关西部铁路的说服和规划工作终于完成后，真正艰难的任务还没有开始；即危险，吃力，需要伤筋动骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造这些铁路的实际工作。

89. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.
由于空间不足，艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重，有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。

90. The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.
美国宪法要求总统是生于美国本土的公民，三十五岁以上，并且在美国居住了至少十四年。

91. Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert.
美国西部的不毛之地正成为玩耍的地方，对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的，喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者具有不断增长的吸引力。

92. Stone does decay and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.
石头不会腐烂，所以以前的(石器)工具能保存下来，虽然它们的制造者已经消失的无影无踪。

93. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
昆虫就将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住；如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护，昆虫就会吞嚼掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽兽。

94. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.
确实，他们在探险中遇到了极具威胁性的困难和危险，而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身颤栗。不过他们并不是刻意去追求刺激的。

95. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别：年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来，老年人灿烂的未来却已在它们身后。这也许就是困难之所在。

96. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.
我们位年强人振奋。它们带有自由的气息，他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人，他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。

97. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。

98. It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are around.
没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动：一旦有了问题，一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时，你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。

99. It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles------or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
人们已经发现，某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接受回响来锁定和避免障碍物——或者找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回响定位法常拿来和原理与之很相近似的雷达相比。

100. As the time and cost of making a clip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failure.
随着芯片制造时间和费用降低到了几天和几百美元，工程师们可能很快可以任他们的想象驰骋而不会被昂贵的失败所惩罚。